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Depression
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What Works Best for Depression?? Meta-Analysis from the UK |
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Sunday, 21 September 2008 |
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British researchers from the University of York in Road, Durham, UK, performed a meta-analysis of studies testing the efficacy of various behavioral therapies for depression. [Ed. Note: Generally speaking, behavioral therapies use changes in reactivity and behavior as opposed to changes in insight, thoughts and feelings to catalyze improvements.]
The study identified randomized trials of behavioral treatments for depression and compared them to controls or other psychotherapies. Seventeen randomized controlled trials, encompassing a total of 1109 subjects, were included in this meta-analysis.
A random-effects meta-analysis of symptom-levels, post-treatment, showed that behavioral therapies were superior to controls*, brief psychotherapy, supportive therapy and equal to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
The results in this study indicate behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for depression, with outcomes equal to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, the current recommended psychological intervention and preferable to brief psychotherapy and supportive therapy. Future research is needed to clarify and better sort out these findings.
Citation: Ekers D, Richards D, Gilbody S. A meta-analysis of randomized trials of behavioural treatment of depression. Psychological Medicine. 2008 May;38 (5): pages 611-23. Epub 2007 Oct 1,
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Lifting Depression for Family Caregivers of Mentally Ill |
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Sunday, 31 August 2008 |
An Italian study out of the Psychology Department of the University of Padua examined the impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the depressive symptoms of those who provide care at home for severely ill psychiatric patients.
Forty caregivers who were depressed or at risk of depression were randomly assigned to either a cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) group or a mutual support treatment (MST) group, led respectively by 2 psychotherapists and 1 psychologist- facilitator. Before and after intervention, all participants were individually assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory and Family Problems questionnaire.
Both the CBT and MST therapies produced reductions in depression, though in the MST groups the trend was not significant. Nevertheless, analysis of the clinical significance of change in the Beck Depression Inventory score for each subject showed an improvement in 58.3% of depressed caregivers treated with CBT and in 45.4% of those treated with MST. And unlike CBT, MST produced an improvement in two dimensions of family burden.
Citation: Michielin P, Cenedese C, Cristofoli M, Zaros N. [Usefulness and effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy and mutual support group therapy for depressed caregivers of psychiatric patients] G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2007 Jul-Sep;29(3 Suppl B):B18-25.
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[Article in Italian]
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Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for residual depressive symptoms. |
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Friday, 14 December 2007 |
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A small pilot study by researchers from the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research at the Cluain Mhuire Family Centre
in Dublin, Ireland looked at the impact of group-based
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on reducing residual
depressive symptoms in psychiatric outpatients with recurrent
depression, and to especially explore the effects of these techniques
on the symptom of rumination.
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Does mindfulness meditation improve anxiety and mood symptoms? |
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Friday, 02 November 2007 |
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In a surprising conclusion, a meta-analysis of the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on depression and anxiety concludes that results are equivocal and MBSR does not have a reliable effect on depression and anxiety.
Researchers from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto did a review of the impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on symptoms of anxiety and depression in a range of clinical populations. |
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Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for recurring depression in older people. |
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Friday, 24 August 2007 |
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Researchers from the Lancashire Care National Health Service Trust in the UK looked at the efficacy of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for older people suffering from depression.
Thirty-eight participants were recruited, 65 or older, to undergo an eight session course of MBCT. Thirty completed the course, and a pre- and post-test design was used. Measures were taken at the initial assessment, post-course and at one-year follow-up. Additionally, responses from interviews, plus comments at three-monthly ''reunion'' meetings provided data for thematic analysis.
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Cognitive-behavioural therapy for severe and recurrent bipolar disorders: randomised trials |
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Friday, 03 November 2006 |
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Researchers from the Institute of Psychiatry in London, UK
compared the effectiveness of treatment as usual with an additional 22
sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in 253 individuals with
bipolar disorders, to see if recurrence rates of major mood episodes
could be reduced. . Patients were assessed every 8 weeks for 18 months.
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Attempts to control unwanted thoughts in the night: development of the thought control questionnaire |
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Monday, 30 January 2006 |
Researchers from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Oxford’s Warneford Hospital
in the UK, studied people with insomnia and "good sleepers", to see if
various ways of managing unwanted thoughts affected sleep quality,
anxiety and depression.
Analysis of the data revealed that with the exception of cognitive
distraction, the people suffering from insomnia, relative to good
sleepers, more frequently used thought control strategies. More
specifically, strategies of aggressive suppression and worry appeared
to be entirely unhelpful, and in fact, the use of these strategies were
predictors of sleep impairment, anxiety and depression.
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Mindfulness meditation to reduce symptoms after organ transplant: a pilot study. |
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Monday, 10 October 2005 |
Researchers from The College of Pharmacy and School of Nursing at The University of Minnesota evaluated
the potential of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) to reduce
symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance and improved
quality of life after solid organ transplantation.
Subjects consisted of 20 kidney, lung, or pancreas transplant
recipients, aged 35 to 59 years, living in the community who
participated in an MBSR class (2.5 hours weekly, for 8 weeks, plus home
practice for 45 minutes, 5 days weekly), modeled after the program of
Jon Kabat-Zinn. The outcome measures used were self-report scales for
depression (CES-D), anxiety (STAI-Y1), and sleep dysfunction (PSQI). |
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Computerized cognitive behavioural therapy at work: a randomized controlled trial in employees with |
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Monday, 01 August 2005 |
Researchers at the Occupational Health & Safety Unit at Royal Free Hospital
in London conducted a randomized, controlled, clinical trial to
evaluate the effect of an 8 week computerized cognitive behavioural
therapy programme, ''Beating The Blues'', on emotional distress in
employees with recent stress-related absenteeism, and to explore the
reasons for non-participation.
Forty-eight public sector employees, with 10 or more
cumulative days of stress-related absenteeism in the previous 6 months,
were randomized equally to ''Beating The Blues'' plus conventional
care, or conventional care alone. The main outcomes, measured at the
end of treatment and at one, three and six months post-treatment, were
scores from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the
Attributional Style Questionnaire. |
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Prevention of relapse following cognitive therapy vs medications in moderate to severe depression. |
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Monday, 25 April 2005 |
Researchers from the Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, investigated whether cognitive therapy (CT) has an enduring effect in preventing the return of depressive symptoms, and compared this to the effect produced by continued antidepressant medication.
One hundred four patients (57.8% of those initially assigned) with moderate to severe depression, from outpatient clinics at the University of Pennsylvania and Vanderbilt University who responded to cognitive therapy in a randomized, controlled trial were withdrawn from treatment and compared to medication responders during a 12-month post-treatment period. These subjects were randomly assigned to either continuation medication or placebo withdrawal. Patients were allowed no more than 3 booster sessions during continuation; patients assigned to continuation medication were kept at full dosage levels. |
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